After independence, on April 14, 1993, the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the acquittal of victims of mass persecution was adopted. And the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, declared 1997 as the Year of National Peace and Remembrance of Victims of Political Persecution, and May 31 – the Day of Remembrance of Victims of Political Persecution and Famine.
This event is the beginning of the work to pay off the debt and justify the duty to the men who suffered innocently and sought freedom in order to make Kazakhstan a sovereign country.
In general, based on the researchers’ data, in 1927-53, 125 thousand people were persecuted in Kazakhstan. 25 thousand of them were shot. During these years of persecution, there were 953 camps throughout the country. There are more than 20 Gulag camps in Kazakhstan.
The revolution in Russia, the subsequent civil war, and the years of repression brought down the development of the oil industry in Embi and hindered its development.
So, in just 3 years, oil production decreased by almost 10 times, and the number of wells decreased by 3.6 times. Until 1918, 90 percent of the products produced in these years belonged to Dossor, and in the following years it was completely under his control. Makat field produced only 52,525 bushels of oil from the beginning of 1917 to September 30. During these years, foreign companies from the district collected their equipment and stopped their work. As a result, the drilling work did not progress. At the same time, Russian mining researchers Tikhonovich, Mironov, Zamyatin, etc. had to stop their work.
West Alashorda and Dossor oil
As shown in the works that mentioned the Alash movement, the “Provisional Government of the Oyil Province” is the only state and political structure in the Kazakh steppe, like the Kokan and Bashkir autonomy, which were established separately in Russia in 1918-1919, and the Provisional Siberian Governments of Komuch and Kolchak in Samara.
It was established by the resolution of the 4th Ural regional Kazakh congress held in Zhympity on May 18-21, 1918. This was the first real attempt of Kazakhs in modern times to determine the life form of the authority to rule and manage their own country. Later, he will be given command under the name “Alashorda Western Division”.
The administrative-territorial jurisdiction of the province included Kermekas, Bylan, Karatobe boles on the Bukhar side (left bank) of the Zhayik River, which were in the present Makat region. Its highest body is the Zemstvo uprava, the state administration is the Council, and the executive power apparatus created by the state body is considered to be the Provisional Government. Researchers show that the province is divided into Zhimpiti, Oyil and Saqiz districts.
Western division of Alashorda, etc. At the request of Alashorda, the vehicles carrying fuel and oil were stuck between Zhimpiti and Rakosh. For example, on May 20, 1919, 200 bushels of oil, 170 bushels of oil from Dossor, and 450 bushels of oil were sent to Zhimpity from Makat. On June 4, a caravan loaded with 8 barrels of oil at the request of the Saqiz zemstvo administration and 7 barrels of oil at the request of the Kyzylkoga administration started its journey. In August of the same year, Kenzhegali Karabalin, a Kazakh from village #6, Simbirti, set off with 15 vehicles loaded with 500 bushels of oil to hand over to the military with the permission of the Ural Special Army.
It should be noted that not all of these vehicles reached their destination. According to oil workers who support the Reds, they fell into the hands of the Bolsheviks, or were used for the needs of the residents. However, the state of the Cossacks was in dire straits, and the day of collapse was near. Therefore, they continued to waste oil products mercilessly. Oil and kerosene would now be sent with the permission of the local security chief. Oil companies are allowed to take their products to the Sokol market for exchange.
Makat oil and Alashorda
It is known that at the beginning of 1919, the Soviet government, faced with a fuel crisis, focused on clearing Embi enterprises of White Cossacks. It is also true that we glorified V. I. Lenin’s telegram about the capture of Zhaiyk and Guriev as “leader’s foresight”. In fact, it was an attempt to establish the supremacy of the Red government along with the conquest of oil. Otherwise, they would have reckoned with the government of Alashorda, elected by the people, and would have acted together. It didn’t happen like that. Red Army commander M. Frunze refused to recognize the legal government of the Cossacks. Despite this, Alash’s soldiers captured the headquarters of the Elek Corps, which was fortified in Kyzylkoga, together with the officers led by General Akutin. For two days, they fought with the White Cossacks who tried to save them. This greatly contributed to the quick victory of the Red Army, which launched an attack to seize Embi oil.
According to the command of the commander M. Frunze, Guryev was to be captured no later than January 15, 1920, the city was liberated from the White Guards on January 5, and Emby businesses on January 8.
12 million in Rakosh. The idol was saved from the fire thanks to the selfless act of oil workers. Meanwhile, the Bolshevik authorities will urgently begin the work of delivering liquid fuel to the Center.
However, we know that Alash’s self-sacrificing actions were taken over by the Red Army, as M.Frunze reported in his telegram to V.Lenin that they had arrested the White headquarters.
The government of Alash and its forces were dissolved, the active leaders of the government were isolated from the people. It is known from history what happened to the lions who sacrificed their lives for the future of their people.